Preeclampsia is a condition unique to pregnancy and the
first twenty-four hours after delivery. It occurs in about 7 percent of first
pregnancies and is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the
urine. The cause of preeclampsia is not known, but it is thought to be related
to insulin resistance, obesity, a kidney disorder, or chemical imbalances. Although
it begins to develop very early in pregnancy, preeclampsia usually not
diagnosed until the third trimester. Hypertension, elevated hemoglobin level,
increased urine protein content, nausea, stomach pain, headache, and blurred
vision are signs of this disorder. Although it is difficult to predict who will
develop preeclampsia, women having their first babies and underweight, poorly
nourished, and heavy women are at the highest risk.
There is no cure for preeclampsia. However, women diagnosed
with it may be given medications to reduce blood pressure. Healthful diets are
recommended for all women with this disorder. The diet should be rich in vegetables,
fruits and whole grain products. Carbohydrate-containing foods should be of the
low glycemic index variety. Some health care providers give women with
preeclampsia 1.5 to 2.0 grams of calcium per day. Calcium supplements may
effectively reduce blood pressure and appear to have few side effects. Vitamins
C and E may also be given to help prevent some of the negative consequence of
preeclampsia. This disorder should not be treated by restricting weight gain,
caloric intake, fluids, or salt (sodium). These intervention not only don't
work, but they may be harmful to both mother and fetus.
